Check out the large selection of incubators at Grainger for use in research, medical, pharmaceutical and food chemistry applications. Surprisingly little is known about the efficiency of mini-hatchery like sand incubation and rice husk incubation. The difference in survival rate between the two incubation techniques were due to the difference in the management practice. Sand Incubation Technique An insulated box like an almirah is made up of wooden or particle board composed of outlet for gas emission and ventilation to control temperature. Min-hatchery incubators have been used to hatch chicken and duck eggs in Egypt and China and Bangladesh. Before and after setting the eggs, the incubator was as thoroughly fumigated by using potassium permanganate and formaldehyde as per recommendations. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. Akperan Orshi College of Agriculture,Yandev. But numerically higher hatchability percentage was recorded from broody hen (70.8%) than the sand incubation (61.8%). Hatchability percentage were lower in sand incubation method than that of the natural incubation however, it is operated with kerosene fuel. (2002) and Sonaiya and Swan (2004) reported that the hatching rates of the mini-hatchery technique were in the range 50-70%, which is similar to the current finding (62%), which is very satisfactory, considering that in most of the mini-hatcheries operated with sand and kerosene fuel. You can change your ad preferences anytime. The results of this study indicated that fertility, hatchability and dead in shell there were no significant difference (p>0.05) among the treatments. Mini-hatcheries can be constructed from cheap materials available locally, such as rice husk, quilts and sand, to retain heat. For the means those had a significant different, Least Significant Difference (LSD) procedure was used. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. The researchers gratefully acknowledge Wolaita Sodo University for providing a research grant for this research. Cost and Return of the incubation techniques: The costs and returns of the two different incubation techniques are shown in Table 2 and 3. Before setting, all eggs were properly clean with mild luke-warm water solution of savlon (a mild disinfectant). However, the limit for these breeds is that they did not hatch and produce day old chicken by their own due to lack of broadness and farmers forced to use the local broody hens, which are not enough to meet the actual demand of farmers and producers who want to carry out small-scale operations. However, in our case to maintain humidity in sand incubator was very difficult due to lack of appropriate hatchery room and provinces humidity condition may cause a severe increase in the proportion of embryo dead-in-shell. The eggs were sat in the setting trays of the incubator with the small end down and the large end up at the optimum conditions of temperature (37-39°C), relative humidity (60%) and frequent ventilation were maintained during the whole period of incubation using the topside opening and sometimes front door opening. On the 1st year run the net return was estimated and can incurred by sand incubator which make it sustainable in profitability for the smallholder farmers by making high income for the next seven years of production period. 1. As shown in Table 1 that, the percentage of normal and abnormal day old chicks hatch had a significant difference (p<0.05) among the two incubation techniques. In both treatments, the candling of eggs was done by using torch-light on the 7th and 14th day of incubation. EvoNexus’ San Diego facilities-based incubator is an open and collaborative workspace that is home to premier tech, medtech, and fintech startups. The total variable cost of sand incubation was higher than the broody hen incubation method, this is due to the difference in capacity and material difference in the two incubation techniques. The average mean maximum and minimum temperature are 26.8 and 11.4°C, respectively and the mean maximum and minimum relative humidity is 91.4 and 39.92%, respectively. Although, kerosene lamp were used as a source of heat supplementation for sand incubator in order to hatch a chick and after they transferred in to brooder house up to 2nd weeks of their age which replace the hen function in natural incubation technique. Among the indigenous local fowls, percentage of the chicks hatched died before they reached cockerel or pullet stage and annually percentage of the entire flock die, before the keeper could reap any benefits in terms of meat or eggs. Sand incubation techniques: A sand incubator was modified and produced wood workshop which was constructed with materials such as wood, metal plates, jute sacks, black garment, cotton and sand. A well designed sand incubator with 800 eggs capacity can be used/serve as up to eight years with 10 successful batch per year. Day old chicks weight found to be significantly higher than broody hen incubation technique (p<0.05). The hatching eggs were selected for medium and uniform in size with average weight of 54±1.6 g which also have strong shell. Abnormal chicks are produced, could be due to poor management of the parent flock, environmental conditions in the hatchery room and some genetical/breed factors may contribute for the abnormal chicks. The gross return per batch attributed by sand incubator was four times higher than the natural incubation technique (Table 3). We are highly indebted to all staff members of Hawassa poultry breeding and distribution centre for their cooperation. This is due to ununiformed heat distribution through the incubator box which was at arrange of 36.5-39°C from top tray to the bottom, respectively (Fig. Turning of eggs was done by rolling with a clean hand with gentle circular motion 6 times in 24 h at 4 h interval up to 18 days of incubation period. Before and after setting the eggs, the incubator was as thoroughly fumigated by using potassium permanganate and formaldehyde as per recommendations. Past attempts that have been made in the country to improve the production and productivity of local birds through upgrading (distribution of exotic birds) and cross breeding (Tadelle and Peters, 2003). Finally in order to improve the performance of the hatchery traits before the technology adopt to the farmers intensive adoptive research should be conduct and also training of smallholder poultry producers in the hatchery management of sand incubator is very crucial. Despite increasing demand for meat, egg and qualities chicks, the mini-hatchery operation in the country is not well known and organized. In a developing country like Ethiopia, poultry production in rural areas is of great importance as a prime supplier of eggs and meat and as a source of income, especially to women (Demeke, 1996). On the 1st year run, the net return was estimated and can incurred by sand incubator which make it sustainable in profitability for the smallholder farmers by making high income for the next seven years of production period. Learn more. Selection and collection of broody hens: Twenty one broody hens with the same age and body size (852±31 g) were purchased from local market. All clear and early dead embryos were removed after each candling (Fig. If you wish to opt out, please close your SlideShare account. The eggs were stored in a room at 14-16°C and 70-80% relative humidity for 4 days. The number of egg set for sand incubator and broody hen is different due to the different holding capacity of eggs for broody hen and sand incubator. Total estimation of cost and return for each incubation techniques budget analysis was made for each incubation techniques. Natural incubation technique is attribute of the broody hen no further heating material are required rather than straw because the hen itself provide all the heat required by the egg in order to develop and hatch. Veterinarian at Kombolcha poultry Resource Development Enterprise, Kombolcha Poultry Resource Development Enterprise. Precinct of study site: The experiment was conducted in Wolaita Sodo University. While, the net return per 100 eggs in sand incubation was177.83 ETB $9.3, which is higher return from that of the broody hen incubation -441.05 ETB or $-23.0, which were not profitable for the first batch at 70.80% hatchability. Before and after setting the eggs, the incubator was as thoroughly fumigated by using potassium permanganate and formaldehyde as per recommendations. We wish to express our special gratitude to Abay Shimelash for his technical support and Professor Solomon Demeke from Jimma University for their advice and encouragement. Inside the box there are 3 to 5 gunny sac trays supported by the wire net which are used as egg setting and hatching trays as well. From the study, the cost of production using broody hen was very less than that of sand incubation technique. 2). In this experiment, the gross return derived from the return of day-old-chick sale and unfertile egg sale. However, the system was not widely adopted by most of developing countries (Hassan, 2011).